Herpes Simplex I (cold sores)

There are two types of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 . Infections with type 1 usually involve the mouth and are from person to person by direct contact with infected droplets of saliva or by contact with the lesions.Infections with type 2 usually involve the genital tract and are spread by sexual contact.

The first time children are infected with Herpes Simplex type 1 , they often have no illness. However some children will get an acute illness with high fever and painful ulcers throughout the mouth. The illness usually lasts for a week or more. The ulcers may be so painful that the child is unable to eat or drink and has to be hospitalized.

Herpes virus produces a lifelong infection. The herpes virus can survive in body cells and become active again. Some people get recurrent attacks in the form of vesicles or blisters on the lips, called fever blisters or cold sores. The number of attacks of cold sores and the pain felt with the sores varies greatly from person to person.

MOT:
direct contact with infected saliva

Symptoms:
fever
ulcers in the mouth
drooling
irritability

Treatment
Supportive
analgesic for fever
analgesic for pain

Management
avoid hot foods
oral hygiene
proper handwashing

Head Lice

Headlice is very common condition in children and is not caused by lack of cleanliness. Head lice are tiny insects that live on the scalp. They lay eggs called nits that stick to the shaft of the hair very near the scalp. The eggs or nits appears as whitish gray or tan specks, about the size of the grain of sand. They are firmly attached to the hair shaft very close to the scalp. Many children with head lice have no symptoms. Some children may have itching of the scalp. In order to find head lice ,caregivers must do a careful check of the hair and scalp. There are effective treatments for head lice. The special shampoos or cream rinses all contain an insecticide, which kills the insect. It maybe necessary to treat all members of the household at the same time.

Transmission
Head lice spread from person to person by direct contact between children, or through items such as hats, combs, or hairbrushes. Head lice cannot jump or fly.

Things to do when a child has head lice
1. Notify the parents of the child with head lice, and ask them to contact their physician or local public health agency for advice about treatment. All family members may have to be treated with a special shampoo or cream rinse. Advise parents to carefully follow the directions of the bottle.
2. Check other children and staff in the same group for the presence of nits. If nits are found, notify the child's parents to pick their child up.
3.Ensure all infested children and caregivers are treated.
4. Vacuum carpets, rugs, and upholstered furniture thoroughly
5. Dry-clean or simply store clothing in closed(sealed)plastic bags for ten days. All the lice will die in the sealed bag.
6. Put pillows and non washable furry toys in clothes dryer at the hottest setting for 20 minutes
7. Soak all combs and hairbrushes for ten minutes in the head lice treatment solution

Pinworm

Pinworm are small,white,threadlike worms that live in the cecum.

Cause: parasite(enterobius)

MOT: Fecal Oral
Direct Contact
Indirect Contact

Treatment: anti parasite(Mebendazole)

Management:

1. Handwashing
2. Cut nails short(avoid nail biting)
3. Watch out for other children for anal, itchiness
4. Prepare food properly.

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Appendicitis

Appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix
- most common cause of surgery

Cause: Fecalith Complications : peritonitis

Signs and Symptoms:
1. Anorexia
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Mc. Burney's point

Treatment:
1. Surgery(appendectomy)

Caregiver's Management:
1. Assess the child's pain
2. Do not give anything by mouth(Non per orem)
3. Assist child with finding a position of comfort
4. Avoid palpating(touching) the abdomen
5. Do not apply heat to the abdomen

Equipment Used in Taking Blood Pressure

1. Aneroid Manometer- is an air pressure gauge that registers the BP by a pointer on a dial. The dial generally attaches to the cuff by hooks that fit into small pocket.
2. Mercury Manometer- the mercury rises in a calibrated glass tubes as the cuff is inflated with air, then falls as the air is released. Rubbing tubing connects the mercury reservoir with the cuff.

Floor Model - can be moved from one place to another
Portable Model - comes in a box, can be seen mostly in clinics

3. Stethoscope - an instrument used for listening to body sounds

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